Ozone is an atmospheric layer in the atmosphere, and it is also the exact term used to define the molecule that constitutes it. Ozone is composed of 3 oxygen atoms bounded together. This molecule is known as trioxygen. Under normal atmospheric conditions, it is unstable and will decay to the regular diatomic allotrope and a singular oxygen atom.
However, high up in the stratosphere, above the mesosphere, is a region which allows ozone to be stable due to the interaction of UV rays with diatomic oxygen molecules, resulting in what is known as the ozone layer.
Molecules absorb short wavelength photons (UV rays) and hence protect organisms on the surface of the planet from this ionising (damaging) radiation. This is one of the functions of the ozone layer.
Ozone is such an intense area of research because human activity has had a very negative impact on it. One example is the releasing of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) in the air through aerosol use. These CFCs react with ozone and break it down, forming gaps in the ozone layer thus leaving unprotected areas on the Earth as a result.
Destructive human activities have created a hole in the ozone layer millions of square miles in size, and we are just beginning to address the problem only now.
Conversely, the presence of ozone in the troposphere is harmful and can damage ecosystems when present within them. For example, there is evidence of lower crop yields when ozone is present in the ground.
Writing your research paper
These are simply a few pieces of information about the subject, and you should research the topic thoroughly before you decide on what to base your research paper on. Along the way, highlight the bits of relevant research that will form the arguments you will address in your paper.
If you have your own original research, other similar research should be presented in your paper to back up your findings. A research paper should have a very clear structure, and there is a wealth of assistance over internet to help you present your findings the best way possible.

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